Be true to Yourself :: essays research papers

Be True To Your SelfThe question, What is involved in be true to your self? is very complicated. thither are many aspects to this question. First you would need to know what is meant by being true. Being true is the act of putting forth sincerity, or being genuinely faithful. It is honesty, seriousness, and earnestness. Next you would need to realize what it means to be a self. In class we discussed the difference between animals, rational animals, and people. This topic also came up in the reading about the concentration camps. Frankl quotes,he (a guard) playfully picked up a stone and threw it at me. That, to me, seemed the way to attract the attention of a beast, to blackguard a domestic animal back to its job, a creature with which you have so little in common that you do not even penalise it. The most painful part of the beatings is the insult which they imply.This shows how low the guards in the camps treated the Jews. They treated them like animals they treated them as if they were not selves. The whole experience was exceedingly dehumanizing. I have never experienced anything so horrific in my lifetime but I have been through a dehumanizing affair. I was in high school when many of the boys would make comments about my womanly features in a derogatory fashion. Although they were just being playful and possibly trying to flirt, god-forbid, I would tell them off or sometimes just ignore it but it make me realize how insignificant those boys were and how thats not all I was. I was and still am more than the derogatory terms they would call me. It pointed out more important things like intellect, and intelligence instead of physical image. It also made them look like animals. The primal concern for animals is pleasure and survival, the same for rational animals but they also strive for success, and finally people, our primary motivation in our lives is the assay for meaning. That is first nature to us. The meaning of life is a very confusing question but to be able to answer it you must realize that it differs for everyone. There is never only one real answer. Everyday it can change for each individual. Everyone has their own way of living they have their own thoughts and beliefs so then each persons answer to the meaning of life will be their own private version.

The Physics Of A Crystal :: essays research papers

The Physics of a Crystal Most simple chemical compounds represent of crystals. If you were to examine a lump of crystalline material very closely, you would be able to see tiny individual crystals. All crystals have a definite geometric shape, determined by the way the atoms argon linked together. Mineralogists recognize 32 different classes of crystal, which ar grouped into seven crystal systems. Crystal systems are described by their axis, which are imaginary lines that join the center of opposing faces of a crystal. For example, if a cubic crystal has three sets of opposing faces, it has three axes. They are all of equal length and are all at right angles to each other. Cubic crystals are described as being isometric, but non all isometric crystals are plain cubes. If the corners of a cube are cut off, the result is a polyhedron with six octagonal faced and eight angular ones.Aside from the isometric system, there is in like manner a tetragonal, orthorhombic, monoclinic, tri clinic and hexagonal system. Crystals may form when a solution of a substance evaporates. Crystals may also form when a vapor or molten substance solidifies. Allotropes are different forms of the same element. For Example, oxygen has two allotropes, normal oxygen and ozone. Pure nose candy also has two allotropes, diamond and graphite. A crystal of diamond is in fact a single giant molecule in which every light speed atom is linked to four other, by four equal, strong bonds. These bonds are arranged tetrahedrally round each atom and there are no planes on which the giant molecule can easily be split. This quality is what gives diamond its tremendous hardness.

Dinner is Served :: Technology Food Papers

Dinner is Served I ran into the kitchen to perform some last minute preparations for the nights ethereal festivities. I could smell the inviting aroma of the freshly smoked salmon which I had smothered in a light cabernet sauce and topped with dill to cop the presentation. I must admit that I was quite nervous in regards to the night that lay ahead. I quickly set the table because dinner was to be served in fifteen minutes. I could see the look of anxiety on my face through the reflection of the recently polished silver and stemware. I obdurate that Ben and Bill would sit across the table from Tim and myself. I knew I was taking a chance inviting the three of them back to my home considering what had happened the last time, but I was in the mood to engage myself into some stimulating conversation. The doorbell rang as I was pouring the last of the Pinot Grigio and my nervousness quickly ceased the moment that I assailable the door. I said a little prayer that the night would go smoothly and proceeded to twist the doorknob, opening myself to the world of luddites and fetishists. Bill Henderson was the first to arrive. He walked into my home base with his head held high and placed his cane next to his seat. Bill was in his late 60s and was sure to add his own spice into the dinner party. I asked to get to his knee length, brown suede jacket but he looked at me and mumbled, I think that I can do it myself. You do realize that I can sufficiently run my life without an absurd amount of help that others seem to need. Im sorry. I said. I just thought it might be easier for me to let in it.That seems to be the only thing that concerns you people these days Why must everything be so easy? I actually enjoy taking my come out and putting it behind my chair like the good old days. His breath permeated the smell of aged whiskey throughout the dining room. I led him to his predetermine seat and pushed start on the CD Player. He reached for his glass of wine as Beethovens String Quartet in C curt minor gently entered the room.

Gender and Information Technologies Essay -- Feminist theories of tech

Technology is socially and culturally constructed as a potent practice carried out in male institutions (Hellman, 1996). The dominant value system of underlying technological creative processes and decision making, is considered to be fundamentally masculine. This is because during the late 19th century mechanical and civil design increasingly came to define what -technology is, crucially it involved the creation of a male professional identity, based on educational qualifications and the promise of managerial positions, sharply magisterial from shop floor engineering and blue-collar workers (Wajcman, 2010). Take engineering for example an archetypal masculine culture, where mastery over technology is a source of both(prenominal) pleasure and power for the predominantly male profession. These images resonate with MIT computer hacker students. Though they would deny their culture is macho, the preoccupation with winning and subjection to increasingly wild tests make their world m ale in spirit and unfriendly to women. However that is not to say all women reject geek culture, nor that computer comprehension is universally coded as masculine (Wajcman, 2010). In Malaysia women argon well represented in computer science. Still Women in ICT sectors stand one to five in information technology electronic communication professions and managerial positions (Wajcman, 2010). Thus this brings me to my hypothesis that Information and communication technologies breed a culture of misogyny. Within this research it is shown that women are largely excluded from the technical design processes that shape the world we live in.In Ecofeminism (1993) authors Vandana Shiva, Maria Mies Critique and Evan Bond, they view the dominant stream of modern science as a ... ...the global economy. Information Technology for Development 14 (4) 262-279. DOI.org/10.1002/itdj.20098Gurumurthy, A. (2011). Feminist Visions of the Network Society. Development 54 (4), 464-469. doi 10.1057/dev.2011.8 2Hellman, H. (1996). A Toy for the Boys only? Reconsidering the gender Effects of Video Technology. European Journal of Communication 11(1) 5-32.Lee, M. (2006). Whats Missing in Feminist Research in New Information and Communication Technologies? Feminist Media Studies, 6 (2) 191-210. doi 10.1080/14680770600645168Wacjman, J. (2010). Feminist theories of technology. Cambridge Journal of Economics, 34, 143-152. doi10.1093/cje/ben057Wyatt, S. (2008). Feminism, Technology and the Information Society learning from the past, imagining the future. Information, Communication & Society, 11 (1) 111-130. doi 10.1080/13691180701859065

Disentangling Genres Essay -- Literature Essays Literary Criticism

When asked to explain what distinguishes one literary genre from another, aficionados of a particular genre sometimes answer, I know it when I sympathise it. It may be true that some devotees develop a sixth sense in identifying a literary work as belonging to a specific genre. However, uncommunicated intuitive knowledge does little to either define relatively new or fledgling genres, or distinguish break- away genres, such as exploration and science fiction from the similar or closely related parent genres of travel and adventure, and fantasy, respectively. The better defined a genre, the less likely a reader will be to mistake one genre for another and the more likely a selection will match a persons expectations. However, the ripen old literary function of genre, to provide an interpretive framework for readers, is sometimes secondary to the business imperative that a text be marketed in the close profitable manner. Since some genres have a higher readership than other, pub lishers may have a financial motivation for marketing a novel in a particular genre although readers may be mislead. To increase interest, authors also frequently write books which exploit public interest or current trends. Edgar Allan Poes only novel, The archives of Arthur Gordon Pym of Nantucket, capitalizes on the recent expeditions to the South Pole. However, the novels journey and destination are largely superfluous to the action of the plot. The story is a suspenseful fantasy of dark visions, darker actions and phantasmal visitations from the living dead. Although some readers and critics consider it a science fiction novel, Pym is primarily a compilation of the many gothic plot devices of Poes short... ...orks Cited Abrahams, M.H. A Glossary of literary Terms. Ft. Worth TX harcourt, Brace College Publishers, 1999. Aldiss, Brian and Wingrove, David. The Trillion Year Spree. Poughkeepsie, NY House of Stratus, 2001. Disch, Thomas M. The Dreams Our Stuff is Made Of.NY, N Y Simon and Schuster, 2000. Freedman, Car. Critical Theory and Science Fiction. Hanover, NH UP of New England, 2000. Macpherson, James. E-Library. 1.2 (2002 ) Online. Internet. 14 April 2002 http//www.encyclopedia.com/ hypertext mark-up language/M/MacphersJ.asp Mann, George. The Mammoth Encyclopedia. NY,NY Carrol and Graf, 2001. Nelson, Brain R. Western Political Thought. Inglewood Cliffs NJ Prentice-Hall,1982. White, Craig. Syllabus LITR5738Literature of Space and Exploration ts. University of Houston Clear Lake. Houston TX.

Disentangling Genres Essay -- Literature Essays Literary Criticism

When asked to explain what distinguishes one literary genre from another, aficionados of a particular genre sometimes answer, I turn in it when I see it. It may be true that some devotees develop a sixth sense in identifying a literary work as belonging to a specific genre. However, uncommunicated intuitive knowledge does little to either define relatively new or fledgling genres, or distinguish break- forward genres, such as exploration and science fiction from the similar or closely related parent genres of travel and adventure, and hallucination, respectively. The better defined a genre, the slight likely a reader will be to mistake one genre for another and the more likely a selection will concern a persons expectations. However, the age old literary function of genre, to provide an interpretive framework for readers, is sometimes secondary to the business imperative that a text be marketed in the most profitable manner. Since some genres have a higher readership than ot her, publishers may have a financial motivation for marketing a legend in a particular genre although readers may be mislead. To increase interest, authors also frequently write books which exploit public interest or on-line(prenominal) trends. Edgar Allan Poes only novel, The Narrative of Arthur Gordon Pym of Nantucket, capitalizes on the recent expeditions to the South Pole. However, the novels journey and destination are largely superfluous to the action of the plot. The story is a suspenseful fantasy of dark visions, darker actions and ghostly visitations from the living dead. Although some readers and critics consider it a science fiction novel, Pym is primarily a compilation of the many gothic plot devices of Poes short... ...orks Cited Abrahams, M.H. A Glossary of Literary Terms. Ft. Worth TX harcourt, Brace College Publishers, 1999. Aldiss, Brian and Wingrove, David. The Trillion Year Spree. Poughkeepsie, NY House of Stratus, 2001. Disch, Thomas M. The Dreams Our Stu ff is Made Of.NY, NY Simon and Schuster, 2000. Freedman, Car. Critical Theory and Science Fiction. Hanover, NH UP of tender England, 2000. Macpherson, James. E-Library. 1.2 (2002 ) Online. Internet. 14 April 2002 http//www.encyclopedia.com/html/M/MacphersJ.asp Mann, George. The Mammoth Encyclopedia. NY,NY Carrol and Graf, 2001. Nelson, Brain R. Western Political Thought. Inglewood Cliffs NJ Prentice-Hall,1982. White, Craig. Syllabus LITR5738Literature of Space and Exploration ts. University of Houston Clear Lake. Houston TX.

Different Perspectives of Psychology Essay

What is psychology and how can people go turn out it better? Psychology is a scientific term used to understand how the intelligence and remains works together. It is in like manner the studying of human behavior and the ground of other peoples thoughts and behaviors as well. To comprehend psychology and how it has evolved since its beginning, people wish to hunch over and comprehend some perspectives or theories that have been used in the past. Some examples of the different theories be behaviorism, cognitive, humanistic, structuralism and psychodynamic. By having a staple knowledge of the different perspectives, it will help us have a better understanding of how psychology works today. HISTORY OF PSYCHOLOGY doneout history, people have been prying around the soul and how it works. It all started around the fifth century B.C., when there was a great debate over the mind-body idea. There were many questions on whether or not the body was connected with the mind, and i f they were connected, how was it possible. Plato and Aristotle, who were Greek philosophers, had two different views of this concept. Plato claimed that the mind and body weretwo separate parts and it would remain the same even later death. He also believed that when people are born they will possess all the knowledge they will ever have in their lifetime, and during their life the program line they receive will be based on what they already knew. Aristotle, on the other hand, had the total opposite view compared to Plato. He felt that the body and mind were interlinked together and were made of the same matter. He also thought that the knowledge was not inborn, but instead it was due to the lack of experience or understanding in the world (Editorial Board, 2011).Aristotle believed that all matter which includes the human body was made up by four key components. These components were called earth, air, water, and fire they were known as the pillars of science. Through the use of scientific technology, which started around late 19th century, psychology spread to the studies of understanding the mind and how it works. By 1879, a doctor named Wilhelm Wundt started the very first scientific research laboratory in dealing with psychology in Leipzig, Germany. Wundt used a method known as introspection to help better understand why a person would do a certain action, and he was also known to be the founder of structuralism which is one of the theories used in psychology (Editorial Board, 2011). PERSPECTIVES OF PSYCHOLOGYBEHAVIORISMBehaviorism is a perspective that was discovered by a Russian physiologist named Ivan Pavlov. It shows that learning can be taught through rewards or punishments which are related with a certain behavior. His studies showed that dogs would be salivating because they heard the ringing of the bell which was associated with their food. He thought it was a definition of learning and so the behavioristic uprise was born. Other psychologists , such as John Watson and B.F. Skinner, had a strong hand in developing the behaviorism perspective (Editorial Board, 2011). Skinner believed that behaviorism had changed dramatically since it was first introduced by Pavlov. Skinner introduced the behavior analysis concept into the psychology field. He also established himself in the contribution of behaviorism by introducing his concept of operant behavior by publishing an article called The Behavior of Organisms in 1938. Skinner was known as the mainrepresentative for behavior analysis, and behaviorism was shaped from the works of Skinner. From the 1950s to the 1980s, American psychology was believed to be shaped by Skinners work more than any other psychologists during this period (Watrin & Darwich, 2012). PSYCHODYNAMICPsychodynamic is a perspective in psychology that was discovered by a medical doctor named Sigmund Freud. It shows that hidden or unconscious thoughts could be the cause of present traumas or aliments, and by reme mbering them it would usually more often than not relieve their troubles and cure them. Freud also used psychoanalysis on his patients to help figure out what was going on with them. Psychoanalysis is a process where the patients would talk about their problems and try to figure out what was going on with them. There were a pas de deux of other psychologists who made some contributions to the psychodynamic theory who were known as Neo-Freudians. Neo-Freudians are people that are psychologists who will give a lower profile to Freuds work about the sexuality part of the psychodynamic theory, but still help to further the cause of the theory (Editorial Board, 2011). Karen Horney was one of those people. She believed that to have a healthy relationship, you need to be raised with trusting relationships with dependable parents that would meet the needs of security for their children. She is known to be the first women to study the field of psychology through a womens point of view (Edito rial Board, 2011). An example would be if someone was afraid of a long-term commitment and they did not understand why, you could use the psychoanalysis approach which is part of the psychodynamic perspective and figure out why. By using the psychodynamic theory, a person could find out that because of a the persons father leaving them at a young age it could cause them to be afraid of a long-term commitment and by addressing this problem they could resolve their issues and move on with their new life. Even though many people have contributed to the development of psychodynamic theory, it has been popular because of Sigmund Freud who had made the most noteworthy influence to the theory and also to psychology itself (Editorial Board, 2011). HUMANISTICThe humanistic theory was introduced about two centuries ago through the writings of J.C.L. Simonde de Sismondi. It deals with how the person hasbasic needs that need to be met and those needs are material, social, and moral. These need s deal with the physical aspect rather than the mind. The works of Sismondi were more basic than the works of Abraham Maslow, who developed the hierarchy of basic needs. The Maslows hierarchy of basic needs is elaborated more than the works of Sismondi and it is considered to be a facilitator for the humanistic perspective and a role for security for human development (Humanistic Perspective, 1999). He also felt that if the person did not satisfy all of their basic needs, then they cannot recognize their gifts to their fullest (Editorial Board, 2011).Carl Rogers was an innovator in the field of humanistic psychology and he advocated a medicinal technique called client-centered therapy. He believed that all people have an interior core, or true self, and that it can be unclear if a person is missing with increasing the approval of other people. He also believed in using unconditional empathy or approval and understanding which is known today as active listening (Editorial Board, 20 11). Making sure a person has the basic necessities like food, water, air, shelter, and sleep, then a person is on the right path for self-discovery and using the humanistic theory could help with it as well. SIMILARITIES AND DIFFERENCESSIMILARITIES BETWEEN THE PERSPECTIVES1. They are each a force in psychology2. They each have a relationship in the midst of the patient and the therapist 3. They each had a specific person that contributed to each of the perspectives DIFFERENCES BETWEEN THE PERSPECTIVES1. They each deal with a different part of the body or mind 2. They each had a different contribution to psychology3. The therapists uses different types of theory for each of the perspectives CONCLUSIONPsychology is a fascinating field that studies the mind and how it works. It is eventful to have a basic knowledge about psychology, no matter what profession a person has. Everybody works with people, and having the understanding and knowledge about people and what they think will co me to be valuable. Understanding the history of psychology and the perspectives thathave contributed in developing the field of psychology today is important to any person who will be working with other people.ReferencesEditorial Board. (2011). Introduction to Psychology. Words of Wisdom, LLC. Retrieved from http//wow.coursesmart.com/9781934920565/id0002. Humanistic Perspective. (1999). In The Elgar Companion to Consumer Research and Economic Psychology. Retrieved from http//www.credoreference.com/ first appearance/elgarcrep/humanistic_ perspective Watrin, J., & Darwich, R. (2012). On behaviorism in the cognitive revolution Myth and reactions. Review Of General Psychology, 16(3), 269-282. doi10.1037/a0026766 Retrieved from http//search.ebscohost.com.proxy.cecybrary.com/login.aspx?direct= true&db=pdh&AN=gpr-16-3-269&site=ehost-live

Evolution of Science

Loose change menu- McDonalds have created a menu consisting of meals no more expensive than two dollars (loose change) which attracts customers with lilliputian amounts of money on them e students key phrase used by McDonalds Is A little loose change, goes a long way. This marketing strategy Is aimed at budget-focused customers aged between 14 25 2. Coca-Cola crown glass- McDonalds have release six expressage edition Coca-Cola glasses which a customer can contract after the purchase of any large extra value al.The six glasses atomic number 18 only around for a limited time which relegates the normal an incentive to purchase a meal to collect as many limited edition glasses as possible. Key phrase Hurry there only available for a limited time. This marketing techniques Is aimed at all customers aged between 20 40 2. Cheap mild birthday parties- Birthday parties at McDonalds are extremely popular for kids aged between five and ten. There are three relatively cheap Cossacks an d attractive to parents who want an easy alternative for their child party.McDonalds describe the preparation their birthday parties as care free for parents and that all they have to do is enjoy the atmosphere. Key phrase We give your child a birthday party to remember 3. Big Mac chant- McDonalds have a competition that asks you to film yourself singing the big Mac chant. By voting for a chant you receive a free Big Mac. This gives customers the incentive to vote and receive a free big Mac at the same time its a big add for the big Mac. Key phrase get voting now Outlining social media to spread their message florally. cheat 2 ) On the McDonalds website there Is a section called our nutrient and our nutrition, on the page it describes the good changes and alternatives McDonalds have made to their meals. This has been used to Inform the public of the bouncing meals that are available at McDonalds. No I do not because children do not usually look Into the nutrition In their food. 2) McDonalds have too sponsored childrens sporting event e. G. Little athletics, swimming Queensland. This has been used for passel to associate being active and playing sport with OFF eat McDonalds giving the healthier image.Yes I think it interlines young people to believe that McDonalds are a healthy close food restraint, for the reason that they are sponsoring their sporting team. 3) Burger King- Released a limited time turkey burger in its attempt at releasing healthier option to the public. But still weighs in at 530 calories. This has been to make customers believe that what they are eating is good for them when really its Just as bad as any other meal on the menu. Yes I think it influences young people because they are easily persuaded into leveling a meal is good for them. ) McDonalds new McGraw uses a green label to trick customers into thinking its healthier. When really its only 10 calories less than the normal Grilled Ranch Snack Wrap. This has been used to make t he food chinkm healthy Yes I think it influences young people because about young people associate the color green with healthy food. 5) KEF being the official sponsor of cricket Australia. This has been used to associate the game of cricket with the food KEF, giving Cuffs food and image a healthy active look.Yes I do think it influence young people because they watch the cricket and see adds for KEF with members of the cricket team in them influencing them to believe the food is healthy/ part 3 Two American teenagers suing McDonalds For The two girls were lured into McDonalds by the toys, the playground, the happy meals and the birthday parties. The smooth-tongued television ads also played a factor in them eating there regularly. The two girls had no choice but to eat there because they lived in a remote area of America where McDonalds was one of the cheapest and only places to eat at.Against The two teenagers ate at McDonalds at least seven times a week for years. Although the y state they were unaware of how fattening McDonalds food actually is the burger loin says it handles nutrition responsibly. It puts nutritionary information about its products on large poster-size charts on its terminal walls and in other display areas. The charts show, for instance, that a quarter pounded with cheese has 530 calories and 30 grams of fat. To two Teenagers had no evidence that there health problems were caused solely by eating McDonalds.Response IL t b I less to taste t companies 1) List the nutritional information of the products that they are selling to the public Read the nutritional information regarding the food they are eating and understand how it will affect your health and weight. 2) Provide healthy meals on the menu e. G. Salads Eat a conversion of meals not Just those that are bad for you 3) Inform consumers of the health risks involved in eating fast food. Understand health risks associated in eating fast food 4) Promote exercise awareness for custo mers. Exercise regularlyAdolescent nutrition guideline Comparison Nutritional guidelines for an adolescent state you must have eat vision of vegetables, cereals, lean meant and fish. The total amount of my Kilojoules added up for one meal at McDonalds was approximately 4000 k. From my calculations I have gathered that if I ate McDonalds for breakfast luncheon and dinner I would be exceeding my average intake by over kick. I have found if I eat a healthy breakfast and relatively healthy meat based lunch I can have McDonalds for Dinner with out exceeding my maximum daily Kilojoules intake.

College Pressure Essay

William Zinssers in his essay College Pres current published 1979, describes the carts Yale students have economic, p bental, and peer/self- induced. He says that these pres authoritatives make students afraid to take a risk and to try to take different paths. He wants them to believe in themselves and to try to enjoy their time in college. I have been a student at Reedley Community College for two years and the pressure I experience as a student and a mother are different from that the Yale student experienced. The first pressure that Yale students and I experience is economic pressure. Zinsser explains that in the 1970s tuition, room, and board at most cliquish colleges comes at least $7000 (par.12).He also explains how much pressure Yale students are under, that even if the student works part time during school and full time during the summer, barely accrue $5000 in loans after four years, loans that the student must start to repay within one year after graduation (par.13).Then , Zinsser goes on to say that no matter how hard the student works he or she will be under pressure to pay back all the money he used. I relate to this pressure, but in a very different focus. Although the cost of school for me is relatively low, I have four kids that are off at college. Having four children needing help with tuition and books puts a lot of financial pressure on me as a parent. Also, having six kids in general, three of which are girls, is expensive regardless. The countrys economic disparity has left personal finances tight and puts me under a lot of pressure to make sure my kids have everything that they need and that all bills are paid. Another pressure William Zinssers mentions is parental pressure which Yale students and I feel but slightly different .It refers to the sum up of pressure students get from their parents. The students are being torn between pleasing their parents and pleasing themselves.Zinssers mentions that often times students are walking to labs as though they are walking to the dentist.(par.15) Students are taking on majors in a course of study that they do not necessarily like, however, in rewrite to keep their parents happy they take them on. They are under pressure because they want to please their parents but theyre unhappy they want to do. Because they arent doing what. Because I am an adult this pressure does not really drill to me. However, I do feel the pressure from my children. My children expect me to get good grades, as well as maintain everything in the house. When dinner is not made on time because of my homework, my children get upset. They also complain about laundry not being make quickly enough. Although they support me, their expectations of me put me under a lot of pressure. The final pressure that Zinsser mentions is Peer/ self-induced pressure which are a pressure that Yale students and I apply on us.Students apply unnecessary pressure on them by comparing themselves to their peers. Zinsser m entions that a student he calls Linda who came in and said she was under terrible pressure because her roommate, Barbra was much brighter and studied all the time. This student is a perfect example of devising an unnecessary comparison which stresses her out. This pressure leads to students over work them-selves. A professor will assign five-page papers. Several students will start writing ten-page papers to impress him.(par.27). Instead of just following the guidelines of an assignment they are hard to shoot above and beyond the requirements. I can really relate to this pressure because I do add a lot of stress on myself. I immediately assume everyone is doing better than me which makes me work harder, but at the same time it causes me to over work myself.I have to make sure all my kids need are done, and then I stay up late to make sure all my school work is done. This pressure affects me negatively because I add a lot of stress on myself that does not need to be added. Instead of focusing on my growth academically. I am always worried about who is doing better than me in class. A couple of ways I am trying to spot my stress is by making daily and weekly to-do lists and putting the most important at the top and working my way down. Its a great way to manage my time as well.Being that I am a mother of six, my stress level seems like its multiplied by seven and I need to be able to put some of that stress aside and finally focus on my schooling since my oldest is twenty-two and my youngest is thirteen. Another great way I make stresses more manageable is by keeping procrastination to a huge minimum. If work that is assigned gets gradually done before the imputable date, it wont all pile up the night before causing you to panic. Stress always piles up and it occurs more than any of us would like, but it shouldnt be a reason to fail. By overcoming these pressures, we become stronger at the end.

Evaluation of health care systems Essay

AbstractAs a health care organization, it is important that the saint Johns Hospital takes the trade protection department measures brass and secrecy of its patients breeding very seriously. patient of data in the venerate Johns Hospital is electronic and managed by the information systems department. In the organization, the security and silence of any information is the responsibility of the Information Systems (IS) Manager. As the IS Manager, based on the following information on security and privacy, a Management Plan has been developed to be used as the process for the maintenance of patient information privacy and security.ScenarioThe administration at St. Johns Hospital takes pride in their sound policies and procedures for the protection of confidential client information. In fact, they serve as a model for otherwise institutions in the area. However, print push throughs discarded in the restricted-access IS department are non chopped. On numerous occasions, p ersonnel working late observed the cleaning provide nurture discarded printouts. What actions, if some(prenominal), should these personnel take toward the actions of the cleaning staff? What actions, if every, should be taken by IS administration?Management plan contain security opinion of infirmary systemIn the development of any improvement system, the first step is to digest an judgement of the existing system. This will be used as the baseline measurement. To consume this assessment, an foreign IS maestro will be invited to conduct two executes. The first would be a security assessment of the system during which the IS professional would perform ethical hacks against the system to assess how secure the information is from fraudulent computer users (hackers). The second assessment exercise to be conducted by the IS professional is information privacy assessment. Social engineering would be used in carrying out this assessment. The IS professional would visit the hosp ital as an ordinary person and interact with staff of the hospital.During these interactions, the professional would use social engineering skills to find out how much patient information could beextracted from the hospital staff. After the assessment exercises, the IS professional would present a report to the IS Manager of the hospital with recommendations on how the security holes could be blocked and the weak privacy of patient information quite a little be streng then(prenominal)ed. Improve security and privacy of patient informationThe findings and recommendations from the assessment report would be used in the improvement of the security of the system and also strengthening the privacy of any information taken from the hospitals patients. Schneier (2000) stated, Security is a process, not a product (Computer Security Will We Ever Learn? 2). This means that the security of the information contained in any system is largely dependent on how security conscious the staff that w ork with the system are and not the do of sophisticated security devices inst entirelyed to protect the system. Information privacy, similar to information privacy, is also largely dependent on the level of awareness of the people who input, store, process, and utilize the information. This is because any release of patient information would originate from one of the people stated above. TrainingTo improve the security and privacy of patient information at the Saint Johns Hospital, the staff need to be educated on the importance of maintaining the security and privacy of information. Training sessions will be organized for all employees at least once a year to refresh their knowledge of privacy and security in compliance to with Health Insurance Portability and Accountability human activity (HIPAA) rules. HIPAA Privacy and Security Rule set a national standard for the security and privacy of electronic protected health information and the confidentiality provisions of the Patient Safety Rule. The US Department of Health and Human Services (2010) stated, the Rule requires appropriate safeguards to protect the privacy of personal health information, and sets limits and conditions on the uses and disclosures that may be made of such information without patient authorization. The educational activity guide will be as followsA.Take employees through the privacy and security rules of HIPAA Here, employees will be instructed on the security and privacy expectations of theHIPAA law. Employees will be expected to adhere to these rules in order to keep to the scratch of ethics of St Johns Hospital. B.Train staff on importance of privacy to the core business of the hospital Employees of the hospital will be retrained on the fact that the reputation of the organization not only when depends on the kind and level of service provided but also on maintaining patient privacy. C.Educate employees on what privacy and security areEmployees need to what the words privacy and security mean. How they affect the patients information as well as the health care organization. D.Explain in details the importance of privacy and security with respect to patient health care information Employees will be educated how important it is to maintain the privacy of patients. They will be informed on the importance of not discussing patient information with any unauthorized party as well as not on any social network. E.Educate on the consequences of security woundEmployees will be informed and educated on what consequences can result from a security breach if it goes public. Consequences may include pliant the integrity of the health care organization, legal suits against the hospital as well as job security of employees who are tangled in the breach.Staff training on code of conductAfter the staff training on the importance of information security and privacy, a code of conduct will be prepared and delivered to the staff. The code of conductThe code of conduct appli es to all employees of Saint Johns Hospital. The code outlines guidelines for staff conduct and provides guidance on how to exercise judgment in ethical issues. The International Monetary Fund (1998) stated, every employee is expected to observe the highest standards of ethical conduct, consistent with the values of integrity, impartiality and discretion ( 9). The code of conduct for the Saint Johns Hospital is as follows Under no circumstance should a patients personal or medicalinformation be released to a third party without the prior consent of the patient in question The release of a patients information to a third party without the patients prior consent is subject to punishment dogged by the disciplinary committee.The gravity of the punishment is determined by the amount of damage created by the breach of the code of conduct. It is the responsibility of each staff to police other staff and ensure that the code of conduct is being adhered to by all staff. Computers containing patient information should have their monitors facing away from patients. The password policy of the hospital should be strictly adhered to. Passwords should not be written down and placed under keyboards or any other obvious and open access area. All paper documents should be thoroughly shredded and the shredded paper thoroughly mixed up before placed into the dust bin. All computers that are to be donated, auctioned or s obsolete out should be first sent to the IS department for the hard disk drive to be either removed completely and replaced with a new one or the old hard disk drive should be completely wiped off the information that was contained on the drive. Breach occursThere are many situations under which the code of conduct covering the security and privacy of patients information can be breached. One of such situations is the one in which cleaning staff feature access to patients cards from the restricted-area of the Information Systems department because the cards to b e discarded from this department and simply thrown into the dust bin instead of being shredded. In such a situation, the first action will be to conduct an assessment to see how much information the cleaners got their hands on. The cleaners involved in this action will be called and educated on the implication of their actions. They will be made aware of the legal implications of reading patients medication and/or personal information without the prior consent of the patient (U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, 2010). The duties and responsibilities of the cleaning crew will be hammer and they will be made aware of the fact that they do not have the right to look through such information even if it is not shredded. They will then be advised of the punishment if such an action is observed again.The Information Systems department will immediately procure a shredder and break up shredding all documents or cards that they wish discard.In addition, the IS department should inv estigate other areas where sensitive information could become accessible by unauthorized personnel. Conduct an incident assessment / evaluate the risks associated with the breach After the occurrence of a breach, the first thing to be done is the performance of a detailed assessment of the incidence and how it happened. Following this, a risk analysis needs to be performed to be able to know the level of damage that was caused or to be expected. The assessment will evaluate the extent to which the information was spread. If it is just within the cleaning crew only, then it will be handled internally but if any information is gone out, the affected patients will be contacted and the appropriate action taken. This assessment needs to be performed as soon as possible so that the hospital will be in the position to respond to any allegations that may come from the patient(s) that was affected by breach. With this done, it would be possible to know if the risk can be mitigated or elimina ted completely. Prepare incident reportOne of the responsibilities of the IS Manager is to keep the hospitals management board constantly updated with all activities related to the information systems. Every code of conduct breach needs to be reported in an incidence report prepared for the hospital management board. The incident report should contain the following informationCode of conduct that was breached.Person(s) responsible for the breachDate and time of the breachHow the breach was discovered adventure assessment of the breachPrevent future breaches/talk about how incident occurredWith the incident report properly prepared, it would be clear to the IS Manager how it was possible for the breach to have been breached. This knowledge can now be used to document, in detail, how the code was breached and how such an action can be prevented in the future. The appropriate actions would then need to be carried out to ensure that there is no repetition of the act in the future. Impl ementing the management planTo implement this change in the organization, Plan-Do-Check-Act (PDCA) roulette wheel will be used as a model for change as well as continuous improvement. ASQ (2011) stated, The plan-do-check-act cycle is a four-step model for carrying out change. The implementation of the management plan will be undertaken by the human resource department in conjunction with the information system department. The security training will be conducted by the security engineer of the information systems department and the human resource department will handle the privacy training. The complete process will be supervised by the information systems manager.ConclusionTo ensure the continuous security and privacy of patient information, medical institutions need to earn that there has to be continuous staff training and assessment and improvement of the information systems, therefore, the PDCA cycle will be continued and encouraged among staff. A system that is not incessan tly reviewed and improved will be a static system that will vulnerable to identified system vulnerabilities. Staffs need to be unendingly trained and updated on privacy issues concerning the health care industry. Information security and privacy need to be approached as dynamic processes which need to be continuously monitored and improved to ensure that they are always at the best levels.ReferencesASQ. (2011). Project planning and implementing tools. Retrieved March 31, 2011 from http//asq.org/learn-about-quality/project-planning-tools/overview/pdca-cycle.html International Monetary Fund. (1998). IMF Code of Conduct for Staff. Retrieved March 29, 2011 from http//imf.org/external/hrd/code.htm, on December 15, 2011 Schneier, B. (2000). Computer Security Will We Ever Learn? Cryto-Gram Newsletter. Retrieved March 28, 2011 from http//www.schneier.com/crypto-gram-0005.html U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. (2010). Health Information Privacy. Retrieved April 1, 2011 from

Origins and Significance

Among the elements of theatre, the costume is perhaps the actors most intimate physical tool during his performance. It completes the actors character, portrayal his age, gender component part, profession, social class, personality, from which he could draw more depth into his performance. And without the actor or narrator verbalizing it, the costume gives information as to the period/era, geographic location, moderate or weather, and time of day of the performance, thus making the costume an integral part of an entire production.In addition, the costume helps establish relationships between characters (mother and daughter, or servant and master, for example) and instance a characters emotional state, as in Chekovs The Seagull where Masha wears black to reflect her melancholy (Baranger, 2006). Scenography, a theatre design website, expounds on costumes in theatre as the final jigsaw in a complex character, further detailing that it is the personal expression of a character and d eep down the world of a story it can also be used to create the collage that becomes theatrical design.The role of costume takes on greater meanings depending on the performance but also becomes part of the theatrical picture. The idea of using costumes in theatre can be traced from the ancient Greek times, with only the actor, manager, director, or ward raiment person was responsible for clothing worn on stage giving little attention to the unity of visual elements (Baranger, 2006). The use of costumes did not depart in just one place, however. In the different parts of the world where theatre is a significant part of the culture, costumes were used to identify the good from the evil, the military man from the spirit or animal.Often, screens completed the costumes. In Ancient Greek drama, the actors wore large masks with exaggerated expressions. These masks fell into two general categories tragic and comic. In Rome, masks were used in comedy and pantomime. During Renaissance, t he commedia dellarte made extravagant use of half masks covering the eyes and nose were used (Encarta, 2006). In old Asia, where the traditional pageants employed bright and colorful costumes to portray the royalty, masks were required to represent the kings, princesses and grotesque characters.Japan has various and unique types of costumes, sometimes depending on the kind of theatre. In the No theatre, the costumes were intricate, formal and imaginative, usually foolhardy in color and design, and made for a certain actor, and each had specific rules to follow. Kabuki costumes, on the other hand used big wigs and many different types of mask styles to match the character (Thinkquest, 2006). In Japanese theatre, color was used a lot to depict the emotions of a character red for passion and super charitable power, blue for jealousy and fearfulness (Thinkquest, 2006), and so on.In Peking Opera, the actors wear long cuffs called water sleeves which they flick about to express emotion s warriors are identified by their severely embroidered satin coats (Fisher, 2007). In India, several types of dance-dramas exist, the most popular of which is the kathakali, of which plots come from the Sanskrit epics Ramayana and Mahabharata. The performers wear brightly colored makeup in symbolic patterns and beards made of paper, and costumes comprised of layered wide skirts and disk-shaped headdresses (Fisher, 2007).Ancient roman type actors, on the other hand, developed a kind of code that would tell the audience about the character just by looking at them a black wig meant the character was a young man, gray meant he was an old man, red wig meant the character was slave a white robe meant the character was an old man, a purple robe meant he was a young man. Color, in the modern theatre, is also used to illustrate moods black office depressing or evil white is purity, red is passion or anger, blue is cool and tranquil, magenta means royalty, green is peace and hope (Richards on, 1996).The role of costume in the modern theatre has not changed so much in the overall impact of a production. References Barranger, M. S. (2006). Theater. Microsoft Encarta 2007 DVD. Redmond, WA Microsoft Corporation. Mask. (2006). Microsoft Encarta 2007 DVD. Redmond, WA Microsoft Corporation. Richardson, S. (1996). WPI Technical athletic field Handbook. Retrieved November 9, 2008, from http//www. gweep. net/prefect/pubs/iqp/technical_theatre_handbook. pdf. Scenography. Costume Design. Retrieved November 9, 2008, from http//www. sceno. org/articles/costume-design/ Sorgenfrei, C. F. (2006). Asian Theater.Microsoft Encarta 2007 DVD. Redmond, WA Microsoft Corporation. Theatrical Costume. (2006). Microsoft Encarta 2007 DVD. Redmond, WA Microsoft Corporation. Thinkquest. (2006). Japanese Theatre Costumes. Retrieved November 8, from http//library. thinkquest. org/05aug/00717/pages/costumes. html Wikipedia. Costumes. Retrieved November 9, 2008, from http//en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Cost umes. Wikipedia. Costume Design. Retrieved November 9, 2008, from http//en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Costume_designer Wikipedia. History of Theatre. Retrieved November 9, 2008, from http//en. wikipedia. org/wiki/History_of_theatre

Direct Foreign Investment in Bangladesh

Direct Foreign Investment in Bangladesh- Challenges and Prospect Introduction This is era of globalization, here all of the country are linked to shellher. Thereby we get different opportunity to be benefited from beyond the country. DFI ( identify Foreign investment) is one of them. It is a very important issue for toddys government, business people and relate community of the world. Bangladesh is not far from it . Like any other developing country, the economic development of Bangladesh is also significantly depend on foreign direct investment.Bangladesh government and business community of Bangladesh is concerned enough to attract increasing number of DFI in Bangladesh. To draw the attention of foreign investor and make them interested to do invest in Bangladesh, government take lot of initiatives, like branding the Bangladesh, giving incentives on DFI, improving the infrastructure etc. However, this is fact too that, bland we have some challenges and difficulties to get satisfa ctory amount of direct foreign investment. In this report, we are covering the most lucrative industry in Bangladesh.It is the fit industry of Bangladesh, which has been the key division and main sources of foreign currency of Bangladesh for a very long time. Objective of the study Primary Objective To know the DFI concomitant in Bangladesh and its future. Secondary objective To Know the Factors affecting DFI in Bangladesh To evaluate the Garment industry in Bangladesh from the perspective of current DFI situation in Bangladesh, organization incentives, socio-political situation and other financial facilities, entry-exit barriers etc. To know the challenges currently faced by the existing foreign investors in the industry. In addition, to give our opinion intimately the feasibility of the industry to attract DFI in Bangladesh. Methodology To make this term paper we mainly give emphasize on secondary sources of data. We go done different organizations website like, Bangladesh Ba nk, Bangladesh Board of Investment etc to collect the necessary information. Moreover, we take some knowledge from daily newspaper and television talk shows. apart(predicate) from these, we use our textbook and class lecture as a secondary source of information. http//www. orion-group. net/career. php http//banglar-jobs. blogspot. com/2010/10/ministry-of-health-and-family-welfare. htmlRelated article Padma Bridge

Critical Reading and Writing in the Humanities Essay

1. Reflective Essay (Diagnostic)Describe briefly your experiences with writing at the pre-university level. Discuss how any factor or an individual has influenced your approach and/or mental attitude to writing. Explain your expectations of this move. (300 words)2. Essay insinuate and Annotated Bibliography-20%Annotated BibliographyCompiling a list of annotated references give help you to become familiar with a mixture of perspectives on your chosen number so that you can begin to formulate or strengthen your view active it. Based on information gathered from the library session as well as from class askings and discussions on critical thinking, you will summarise each seminal fluids content and critically evaluate its relevance to your authenticated essay in no more than 150 words per source. NB. Only four sources are required for this activity.Each of the entries in this single-spaced document will consist of the following three sections The publication details of the so urce in M.L.A or A.P.A. format.Paragraph 1 -a succinct summary of the main ideas and supporting points of the source, an accounting of the authors purpose and a description of the intended audienceParagraph 2 short discussion of the authors credibility of the relevance of the source to your topic.3. The Response Paper -20%The response paper requires students to summarise, explore and critically analyse a written textual matter. This allows for the communication of the students perspective on the authors ideas.4. The Documented Essay-30%The research and writing processes in which you will engage as you prepare this assignment are outlined on the seminar schedule. Before writing your outset draft, you will select a theme/topic that is relevant to your discipline generate ideas on it narrow it to a researchable theme/topic that can be reasonably explored in a 1000-word essay for a general academic audience prepare a short proposal research the topic and denounce relevant notes wri te an annotated bibliography which evaluates your source materials and prepare your essay outline (with sources included). You are required to show evidence of at least four (4) scholarly/ time-honoured/credible sources which must include at least one journal article and a book. Only one newspaper article (not news item) is allowed.5. cooperative Project/Group Presentation- 10%Students will work in congregations to present research or analysis of a theme from their discipline. Works of art, songs, poetry, films and written text may be used.6. Final Reflective Essay -20%Instructions will be given in seminar.FOUN 1012 SEMINAR SCHEDULE for SEMESTER I (2013-2014)LECTURES are given weekly on Wednesdays 1200-100 and 500-600pm in N1.SEMINARNUMBERLECTURETOPICSCURRENT WEEKS SEMINAR ACTIVITIESPREPARATION and ASSIGNMENTS for NEXT SEMINARSept..2 6Critical Reading and report in the Humanities and You1. Enrolment confirmation.2. Discuss course aims and objectives, teaching structure, assign ment and grading schedule, and special requirements for academic reading and writing. 3. Students and tutors share on literacy4. Discussion of pondering essayChoose and attend a Library OPAC session. assure the Foun1012 website at http//ourvle.mona.uwi.edu and Watch Shaped by Writing and E-literate (before Week 3). Browse the resources and download the course outlineRead chapter 11 of Wadsworth andwrite a definition of the humanities.Sept 9-13Researching for Academic WritingThe Writing ProcessSubmit the reflective essay.1.Discussion of features of writing in the humanities2. Discussion of The Right to Write3. Brainstorming of documented essay topics and explanation of the proposal ESSAY TOPICS/THEMESa. Enslavementb. Language and Culturec. Media and Professionalismd. Technology and the humanistic disciplineRead chapter one of Wadsworth. order the reflective essay by and by feedback and upload to Turnitin. Record the similarity index. Peruse samples of the proposal on OurVLE. Write and submit proposal. move questions for your proposal1. What are my broad and contract topics?2. How is my narrowed topic related to a sub-discipline in the humanities? 3. What do I already know about this topic?4. What am I interested in finding out OR sharing with a general academic audience about this narrowed topic? 5. How will I go about gathering additional data on this topic?Sept. 16 20Deadline for all students to register with TURNITIN.communicating in the Academy- Rhetorical ContextsSubmit the proposal at the beginning of seminar and collect at the end.Go to the Main Library for your seminar.1. Practise locating information from a variety of sources.2. Discuss shaping your writing and evaluating sources3. Visit this website and attempt the multiple choice activity on evaluating sources http//www.lib.calpoly.edu/infocomp/modules/05_evaluate/index.html. 4. Browse this website for tips on critical thinking www.library.cornell.edu/olinuris/ref/webcrit.htmlVisit the Foun1012 website at http//ourvle.mona.uwi.edu read and download Critical Reading 1. Manage YOUR Sources Locate TWO source materials foryour Documented Essay- a journal article and book chapter. In addition to taking notes on NOTE CARDS, summarise each source material in a few sentences and reputation the publication details.Sept. 23 27Deadline for students with special English lyric poem use ups to start self-help exercises in the Grammar & Mechanics folder on OurVLE or in the recommended texts.Critical Thinking and Reading1. cosmos to Rhetorical analysis- Critical Reading 12. Summary writingElect a class representativeAnnotate one of your sources and consult your tutor for feedback. suss out that you have uploaded your reflective Essay to Turnitin.Peruse the model (sentence) outlines on Ourvle, and chapter 2 of Bazerman The Informed Writer.Sept. 30-Oct.4Language and Communication 11. Summary Writing contd.2. Writing workshopa. Thesis statements and the Introductionb. Writing the form al OutlineRead chapter 6 of Wadsworth and prepare your formal outline and your annotated bibliography for launching at the beginning of next weeksseminar. Upload it as a single file to Turnitin. Reminder All operose copies of the assignment are to be submitted within the first 20 minutes of the seminar Read and download Critical Reading 2 on OurVLE as directed.Oct. 7 11Language and Communication 2Submit your Outline and Annotated Bibliography along with your function statement and rubric. 1.Critical Analysis2. Response WritingPrepare for the Mid semester exam.Oct. 14 18Students should NOT change Documented Essay topics after this week. Ethics and Academic WritingCritical Analysis contd.a. Organising Principlesb. Paragraph DevelopmentMid Semester Exam- One sittingManage YOUR Sources Locate TWO more source materials for your Documented Essay In addition to taking notes on NOTE CARDS, summarise each source material in a few sentences and record the publication details. Give your t utor, in writing, your group presentation topic (see Week 11), thesis, names of group members and group leaders name.Oct. 21 25**October 21 is a public holiday. Please attend another seminar during thisweek if your class is on a Monday.Working With Sources 1Class discussion and presentations onThe functions of languageCaribbean language varietiesLanguage and social statusType and upload your essay draft and references to Turnitin. Record the similarity index, read the report and complete your self -review. Revise the draft based on your self- review and Turnitin report. Bring the revised draft to the next seminar. Visit the OurVLE course website and download and read friction match Critique Checklist & Peer Critique Model. Bring the Peer Critique Checklist to the next seminar. Do not lose your documented essay draft and the accompanying materials You will need them for final submission of the essay.Oct. 28 Nov. 1Working with Sources 2Using the Peer Critique Checklist as your guid e, participate in the IN-CLASS peer critiquing session by allowing TWO of your peers to read and discuss your essay. Afterwards, ONE of your peers will WRITE a critique of your essay draft. Attach the critique and your self- review to your essay draft.Continue revise your documented essay draft based on feedback from your peers and tutor. Bring a copy of your single-spaced revised essay to the next seminar.Nov. 4-8Revising and Editing1. framing/ integration of sources2. Corresponding reference entry/ies.3. Style of writingPrepare to submit your double-spaced documented essay for grading (along with your first draft, self-review, peer comments, and accountability statement at the start of your seminar in Week 11 (30%). Reminder All hard copies of the assignment are to be submitted within the first 20 minutes of the seminar in Week 11. Download Group Presentation Guidelines from the course website and bring it to the next seminar.Nov. 11-15Tutors to reserve multimedia equipment for groupsReflective WritingSUBMIT the hard copy of the final draft of your Documented Essay (30%) along with your draft, self-review, peer comments and accountability statement. Planning for Collaborative Project/ Group Presentations & Performances.Visit the OurVLE course website and read text on reflective writing to prepare for writing the final reflection. Topic for Collaborative Project Issues in your Discipline Caribbean RealitiesNov. 18 22 oral examination PresentationsDiscussion on Reflective writingDrafting the Final ReflectionPrepare to give the script for your groups presentation and your judgement of your group members to your tutor at the start of the seminar. All presenters are to be in place within the first 10 minutes of the seminar. Revise your Reflection for submission next class. Upload To Turnitin.Nov. 25 29No LECTURECollaborative Project/Group Presentations & Performances (10%) Give the script for your groups presentation and your assessment of your group member s to your tutor at the start of the seminar. Submit your Final Reflection and accountability statement.END OF COURSE

How the World Began Essay

A long long time ago, when there was yet no world, there were three gods who lived in a small circular space of great brightness called a banting, and encircled by a rainbow. The space was just large enough for the two gods, Magbabaya and Dadanyahan, to sit across each other. The third god, the winged Makabughaw, sat precariously between the two and had to flap his wings unceasingly to maintain his balance. Makabughaws flapping of his wings created the first wind. Taking pity on Makabughaw, the one-headed Magbabaya (meaning Your will be done) decided to build an extension so the poor Makabughaw could rest. To this, he had to scoop daub from under the ten-headed Dadanyahan. He asked Makabughaw to do his for him. After studying the situation, Makabughaw swooped into Dadanyahan mouths and divided right through him so he could conduct soil from that point.He gave the soil to Magbabaya who created earth from it.However, the earth was dry. How could it be turned lush and green? As Magba baya puzzle over the problem, he happened to glance at Dadanyahans ten drooling mouths. Suddenly, he realized where he could get enough water to sprinkle over the earth. Dadanyahan agreed to the plan. Magbabaya blessed Dadanyahans saliva and the rain poured. piss washed over the earth. It shaped the mountains, hills, valleys, and plains it made the streams, rivers and huge seas and oceans. Soon, vegetation began to sprout and grow. But this huge tend needed someone to go for care of it. The two gods scooped some earth, and with t he help from Dadanyahans saliva, turned it into sticky clay to form a figure. They collected wood for its bones, rattan for its telephone line vessels and water for its blood. They molded seven figures on Magbabayas image. After the seventh figure was molded, Magbabaya had to leave to take care of a few things. But before leaving, he told Dadanyahan no to tamper with the figures. Left completely with the figures, Dadanyahan could not help touching the m up the way he thought they should look. Magababaya returned to find Dadanyahan using his original talents on the figures. This triggered fight between them, which Makabughaw tried to arbitrate in vain.The two gods dueled with each other until their coat weapons sank to the ground. The human race later forged these minerals into its own weapons and modes of transport. Finally, the warring gods reached anagreement. Because Dadanyahan had made the final form of the figures, he kept the sextuplet figures while Magbabaya had only one since it was he who thought up the idea. Dadanyahans six figures became the various engkanto of guardians of the soil, water, and marine life, the plants, forests and creatures of the forest. Magbabayas lone figure became the first human being. The bits of clay cut from the figures as they were being molded became lower forms of animals. Thus, did the world begin. .

Bradford City Fire Essay

1.0 Introduction Working within the events sector it is highly likely that you will be face to deal with certain risks and hazards that could occour. Risk has to be managed and shtup be do in a elbow room of ways. Some risks may be controlled by good management but others are inevitable and insubordinate but dealing with the aftermath of uncontrollable risks undersurface be done effectively. Guidelines and regulations are put in place to reduce risk at events but it is also down to yourself.2.0 Bradford City Fire This hazard occoured on Sautrday 11th Mayb 1985 at Valley present Stadium and is still widely talked ab break through today. A football mtch between Bradford City an d Lincolnd city took place but a great good time started resulting in 56 fatalaties and 256 injuries.2.1 Identifying the risk The obvious risk is the fire, from the attached video in appendix you can see the start of the fire is very small and I dont destine anyone fancy it would escelate to the eten t that it did. The fire was first spy at 3.40pm just 5 minutes before half time. It was noniced three rows from the back of G block in the Valley Parade ground. At first swtewards communicate firefighting equipment but soon realised it was burning out of control and polie and stewards started to evacuate people from the cubicle. As you can see in the video it only took 4 minutes for the whole of the roof and wooden stands to drop dead ablaze. In appendix it is taradiddleed that supporters towards the back tried to escape through the back but foun d that the gates were locked. Should the gates have been locked? And if they were why were they still loced in such an emergency?2.2 Identifying the cause thither has never been one definite cause or reason for the start of the fire but many another(prenominal) similar reasons. The Daily Mail article in appendix reported that the cause was a tint or cigarette end dropped onto rubbish that had accumulated under the primary(prenomina l) stand at Cvalley Parade an turned the wooden structure into inferno While an article by The Guardian suggests that covey that had develop over the years had contributed the blaze The police officer responsible for searching the debris of the burnt-out stand told Popplewell he found litter which had been there for years, including a 1968 copy of the local newspaper I think the cause of the fire may have been a smoke flare which encouraged the fire by the sheer negligence of not watch overing the stands clean and tidy as a newspaper from 17 years prior to the event was discovered during the clean up of the disaster.A magazine article from Infochem in 2010 (issue 234) suggests the same that the fire was started by a cigarette or match and was encouraged buy strengthened up litter but then goes on to reveal tht Bradford City FC had been repeatedly warned about the litter posing a fire risk and had plans to upgrade their stand at the end of the season as they were to be promoted f or the next season So the fact that they had been repeatedly warned about the litter surely the sphere should have done something sooner rather than later like in this situation.3.0 Impact of the risk It is devolve from the death toll and injury numbers that many people have been affected by this , not only the mental and physical scarring of the people injured but also the families and friends of those who lost their lives that day. A report from the Independent found in appendix backs this up by describing his story of being told his father was in a superfluous burns unit and was to have skin grafts on his hands. Also showing the inclementness of the outcome of the injuries a plastic surgeon Professor David Sharp and other plastic surgeons from around the UK were brought in. They operated on around 25 people in the first day while the total needing medical prudence was 80.3.1 Changes as a result of the event This may not be a direct counter vary due to the disaster at the gr ound that day as this was put into practice in 2007, 22 years after the disaster but im sure it has something to do with it. Bradford City Football Club released a statement to become much more stricter on the non smoking policy. It can be found in appendix . From the introduction of the anti smoking legislation it became apparent that not all supporters were abiding by the rules and ignoring the no smokig signage in certain parts of the stadium. As suggested that a cigarette may be the main cause of the disaster you wuld of thought they would have been more forceful with this rule in the first place. They check out that they feel sufficient warning have been given anf that swtard are instructed to eject anyone who is caught smoking witin the stadium. Also that anyone who wishes to buy off off the stadiun to smoke will not be re admitted under any circumstances.The main thing that came out of this disater was The Poppywell enquiry, this was to revise the Safety at Sports SGrounds Act 1975. From this they changed it to the Fire Safety and Safety of Places of Sport Act. One change that came out of this was to have a maximum number of attendees in stadiuns which is presently set at 10,000. This helps keep an eye on numbers and from a health and safety point of view allows the emergency function to calculate appropriate numbers for if another disaster was to happen. Also from the Poppywell enquiry came that the Green Guide should be revised. The Green Guide gives advice and ensures that people have a strong idea on how safety should be handles at large sporting events.4.0 Risk strategy methodology There are 4 types of risk response strategies, these are avoidance,reduction,retention and transference. Risk avoidance is the removal of risk liabilities or hazards. This can be done by changing certain procedures that have a high risk, removing or decreasing risk sources and substituting the less hazardous options. Sometimes risks are far too high and may not be a ble to be reduced at all and the only answer is to cancel or get rid of the whole idea.Risk reduction is the reduction of the severity caused by the impact. Its done by reducing the probability of it occurring, It is basically to reduce the seriousness of the outcome should a accident occur. This is done by methods such as protecting yourselves and others and having a good security system.Risk retention is applies to small risks as the cost of insuring yourselves and others against the risk would be substantially larger than the total losses so no special efforts are made to control the risk. This doesnt mean that the risks are ignored but are intimately monitored to ensure they dont happen again.Risk transference is the allocation of risk to a trine party not yourself, which is obtained by purchasing insurance cover.

Economic And Social Aspects Of Sustainable Buildings Environmental Sciences Essay

Society, environment and scotch system are the major third dimensions to widen the caliber of justness, instruction, diversion and engagement by the community and in short to ease the life of an individual. The UK has fitted refreshing designs for bettering the quali take ins of edifices and is seeking to mutant back the response from the UK authorities and the stakeholders are later, puting in new parturiencys in other states excessively. Following these stairss, solve many jobs and construct new rules of populate policies for authorities.Homes and communities website provinces that those places are sustainable which inexpensive and practical designs are. These places create an environment which attracts people to populate in and bask life and work. These designs should be environment-friendly and should non impose on _or_ oppress the protrudeet by C emanation and increasing waste.It is the statutory responsibility of HCA to work to pro extensive and add towards keep ing and bettering the qualities and designs of the places in such a manner that we may put and enable it to be feasible. Our visions should be clear and be asLocal work invest in designs and procedures which are effectual and serve and back up the five stairss which we and our spouses moderate adapted to pro broad development ( procurement/ visioning/ integrated mental synthesis/design/legacy ) . This basis enable them to better quality of life and present low- appeal places with outmatch quality for bing and future communities.Make the pick of the bureaus who are presenting the work of your local governments, be their spouses and assist them parent their aspiration close sustainable developments. Take the thoughts and sentiments of the local communities, so that it is known that in which environment they take to populate in.The financial value of sustainable lodge should be low-cost in both long term and short term degree bring forthing the best quality. To run into today s bring without seting a sedate consequence on hereafter s feasible solutions, has ever been a diminutive of import point in sustainability. Its application is slow and has been an issue for many old ages. The major focal point of the undertakings is to hold immense ultra-green inhabit whose reproduction is rather secure. A true sustainable undertaking should be one which discusses and considers all economic, environmental and societal issues and withal in the bounds of affordability. No via medias sight be made in such undertakings, and may besides consequence have to be utilize to such aggregate undertakings of edifices. This has the declamatorygest impact on the environment. It is a mass demand of the UK to hold new edifices with new designs and besides to upgrade the old 1s. They should hold a straightlaced program which considers all following long term pros and cons and impacts on the future undertakings in the associated environment.The cardinal precedence of all(p renominal) authorities in this pronto altering environment into a fast urbanizing world is to supply the universe with low-cost and equal lodgement services. The pressing issues like urban divide, bars from slums, human and economic development, and climatic alteration are though, to be kept in head. Now lodging is non merely a roof on an person s caput but a new envisaged thought as sustainable development has been introduced and has started pitching its projection in developing states excessively. In these states, the aspects are non though discussed in their incorporate policies. Pro-poor lodging plans are besides introduced, which do non concentrate on the precedences of the occupants, or are in locations which are distant and besides have hapless criterions with weensy support schemes. An impact is put on the environment and a footmark of C is besides amplified and this creative activity is in rapid lodging societies. Though in developing metropoliss a squeamish manner is adapted and the authorities is still taking this measure as a misdirect to society.Key considerations and constructs have to be adopted that outline the underpinning thoughts and provides a model comprehensive plenty to plan sustainable lodging plans and policies to supply with actions which are practical excessively. These policies should cover with these subjects like civilization, societal justness, affordability, and impacts on the economic system and do the life of occupants vicinities and healthy metropoliss. These solutions can so cut tear down many jobs link to urbanisation and besides the growing of these metropoliss with the decreasing services of energy in these countries.Inclusive, participatory, and well-designed lodging plans and policies offer a batch to the improved economic system ( Oleg Golubchikov and Anna Badyina ) .In planning, planing, edifice, restituting and keeping places, lodging development with sustainable and bright programs is a good pattern. This makes them prolong economic system, environment and societal.The demand of the houses as listed by the people, defines the aims of the designs of the development. These shows the demands of the people every bit good as their thoughts which can increase the life of lodging, lessening cost, and besides cut down societal and environmental impacts. This is the purpose at private sector to maintain the supply changeless. This besides provides a leading to the building industry and lodging designs for residential countries.For a sustainable lodging these factors should be the percentage of the program as the freedom of motion of the resident, safety and security have a less cost ( i.e. low-cost ) and less a usage of resources which are completing in today s universe like H2O and electricity ( energy ) . This topographic point can so run into the demands of the home and is categorized as smart lodging for all phases of an person s life ( Queensland section of man plants ) .Literature R eviewAssorted related diaries, studies, publications and text editions have been used to garner the literature reappraisal. many a(prenominal) constructs and theories have been discussed in this subdivision which revolves around the life and work patterns and relates to past surveies.Sustainable housingThe quality of life is perceived to be high when an estate has a lodging system with perfect hit houses and so this direction secures the position of an urban country, including occupations and instruction. This is a responsibility that probationary institute serves society with nice lodging systems. A lodging which has no offense and uses less energy than other systems is meant by this.In the countries like personal well being, dependance and societal coherence, sustainable lodging and nice lodging are indispensable. Architecture is besides an of import portion and professions particularly RIBA has been making an consequence of arousing people to accommodate this construct.Housin g is an kernel of economic and cultural strength as it fortifies societies, as it raises the society and restrains it from others. However, in this century lodging is considered to be best and atrocious at the same clip due to the businesss of the UK occupants. Therefore, there is a leave out of earnestness towards keeping the lodging of unsloped value.In 1998, the authorities takes enterprises to supply the significance of development of society, with somewhat chances in its support. In this respect, the developers and designers and other residents have to pay attending to these chances when their lodging is traveling through tense state of affairss ( Brian Edward and David Trent 2000 ) . An designer has to plan the edifices to prolong the societies but they need to analyze that bearable societies can non light-headed construct up while there are other parts which should be considered like grace design, route layout and lodging figure.It has been discussed earlier that lodgin g is an mutuality factor and can impact any person because it helps in edifice society, environment and the economic system. In malice of this, assorted little or big corporations and authoritiess are seeking their best to work out the un-maintainable occurrences taking topographic point in the lodging of the people. A sustainable development of society is non cut downing this jeopardy and the moralities of sustainable development play a pivotal dish out in taking to do an distinction lodging ( Lee Ann Nicol, 2013 ) . compulsory Elementss to guarantee that more new Housing is built in Urban LandSome probatory actions should be taken to better the sustainable lodging development on the metropolitan countries for the advancement of the metropolis and the democracy planning system.The investings for the development could be improved by the site acquisition decontamination and the substructure of the preparation were sold. The development of these investings has been increased by th e rise in the English partnership hard currency investings in the field sites.To decrease the societal polarization, there must be an addition in investing for supply rents for better quality lodging in both urban and suburban countries, and the authorities should fight to heighten the reclamation of the well-known metropoliss and cities.For the auxiliary investing in the demanding urban countries, there is a deficiency of proper planning of the schemes and there is an absence of the incentives for the developers of the grocery ( EDWA, 1997 ) . It is rather impossible that without these incentives there could be an addition of the lodging in the metropolitan countries.Environmental SustainabilityFor the suited direction of the lodging, there should be a proper environmental public presentation in the residential countries by concentrating on the wellness impact, human comfort and the environment of the lodging country ( Oleg Golubchikov and Anna Badyina ) .There is an huge demand for the treatment of the environmental issues and many actions are handled by the consciousness of the populace about the environment. Therefore the authorities can play a major function by cognizant the general public sing the environmental issues and can do determinations consequently, and it can be analysed by scientifically understanding the climatic alterations ( Syed Rahman, 2010 ) .Assorted sustainability indexs can be affected by the alterations in the public presentation. To convey some impacts and alterations on the sustainability in the system, there are some semi-quantitative indexs which provide apprize for the sustainable development ( Noam Bergman, Lorraine Whitmarsh and Jonathan Kohler, 2008 ) .Economic and Social Aspects of Sustainable BuildingsThe sustainable development in the society can do a utile influence on the society and the economic system and therefore the market processes can be used efficaciously to analyze the current and future demands of the societ y into the criterion and drawn-out footings. Furthermore, market processes regulate the sustainable edifice of the economic system and if it is run intoing the demands of the society so it is taking towards the paid development.For the new development of the society, there is a demand to construct superior flexibleness in the coda hereafter. However, the most sustainable usage of the edifice design would be to widen the business from criterion to an extended scope.However, it brings the guess that development can be attained in the society by maintaining the monetary value high, whereas the fewer monetary values of the units can besides lend in the development merely as higher monetary values. For a diverse concern and income groups, we can construct at diverse monetary values and supply a diverse scope of rents for the family. Therefore, diverse sizes of the units can be used for little and big concerns and families ( Yvonne Rydin, 2010 ) .Research Strategy/TechniquesResearch Sc hemeIn a concrete scheme of a search, the ends, intents, purposes, beginnings of roll uping the information and the inquiries for the look into should be mentioned nevertheless, some schemes of research besides include the research studies, instance surveies, querys and the observations. Whereas, instance wad plays a polar function for the research worker examine and research the complete image of the undertaking and can tie in it with its aims. It helps the research worker to put the subject of a research and so analyze the inquiries of research in an organized mode and can analyze the information to do a decision.Research TechniquesThere are three diverse types of interviews to carry on interviews to roll up information such as structured interviews, semi-structured interviews and ambiguous interviews ( Saunders et al, 2007 ) . There are two widely used techniques to carry on the research the present survey is a combination of both manners of research such as the quantitati ve and qualitative. The quantitative research studies are conducted by the marvelnaires to garner mensurable informations, whereas the qualitative manner of research is conducted with the aid of experimental attacks and by carry oning interviews to garner qualitative informations.InterviewsRecognition of the importance of interviews has become widespread in the 2nd half of the twentieth century and it appears to be on a rise. With the debut of depth psychology, a alteration of the basic interview technique, it has become more favorable to derive personal information that otherwise might be hard to acquire. It is non unexpected to see its celebrity in research methods in the Fieldss of societal and direction scientific disciplines. The type of interview adopted differs harmonizing to the research methodological analysis that whether it will be conducted face to face or by telephone or via electronic mail.Roll uping DatasThe research application and the values attached to it are bas e on the ways to garnering information which may possibly be from analyzing books, diaries, magazines, articles and web beginnings. It besides aids in the analysis for replies to research inquiries.Approach to AnalysisIt is necessary to hold some cognition about the particular topic about which the research is to be conducted. This would differ harmonizing to the subject and country research nevertheless it will organize the entry of the survey subsequently on. Interviews and the countries of instance surveies add to the healthy influence of the research. A batch of information demands to be gathered along with observations and a elaborate survey of the assembled paperss to be able to measure and carry on the research decently and in an speckless mode.Research Ethical motivesThis research pursues all ethical concerns during the survey because moralss come to in any research are of high significance at any degree. Research morals normally involve lawful methods that make certain that the persons feelings are non harmed nor they are compelled to react. The information gathered is rigorously used for academic intents and it is unbroken private and confidential and members are permitted to draw out from any question ( Saunders et Al, 2007 ) .

Discuss the Role of Energy in the Body, Describe the Process of Cell Respiration and Give Three Examples of How Energy Is Used in the Human Body

M1- Discuss the role of sinew in the body, describe the operate of kiosk respiration and give three examples of how pushing is used in the human body all living cell needs energy. The number of energy that we use is chemical energy in the form of glucose that we get in our food, mainly from carbohydrates such as bread, pasta and potatoes. Living cells cannot function without energy, which can whence lead to death. To release the energy from glucose, oxygen is added (oxidise glucose) by breathing continuously to supply to the millions of cells that undertake cell respiration, this is also known as internal respiration.The rate that glucose is used at depends on the individuals metabolism (B. M. R). The mean metabolic rate depends on the amount of thyroid hormone that is produced. A individual that has a unfluctuating metabolism then it is less likely that they will put on weight whereas if a person has a slow metabolism then they may tend to put weight on. A chemical elemen t that can influence metabolism rate is age. This is because as you get older your metabolism will be likely to slow down. Cell respiration The word equation for cell respiration isGlucose + Oxygen = energy + Carbon Dioxide + Water Chemical equation C6H12O6 + 6O2 = Energy + 6CO2 + 6H2O Waste products of carbon dioxide and water can be excreted through the lungs and kidneys as expired air and urine otherwise the chemical atoms (carbon, hydrogen and oxygen) can be recycled to reform glucose (C6H12O6). Cell respiration happens in the mitochondria in cells and tissues, e. g. the senseless muscle, which has millions of mitochondria for increased energy demand. Three examples of how energy is utilised by the bodyMuscles use a lot of energy in order for apparent motion to happen. When the muscle tissues contract they will need a good supply of glucose and oxygen. ?Movement The contraction of skeletal muscles attached to the bones and joints uses energy ? Breathing Intercostal muscles and the diaphragm relax and contract which increases and decreases the internal intensity of the lungs for breathing. This involves energy ? Peristalsis The slow movement of food through your digestive system allows digestion to occur (smooth muscle) uses energy

Indian & European Relations in the 1600s Essay

Spain in North America1560s Spanish give up search for Indian gold. counsel on def extirpateing their empire from English (who were plundering treasure ships and Caribbean ports) and French Protestants (who began to frametle in Florida though the Spanish had already claimed the land). Spanish establish fort at St. Augustine, Florida (1565) to protect route of the treasure fleet. They in any case massacre French Protestants. Raids by Native Americans wipe out military outposts and religious missions. 1573 The Comprehensive holy order for hot Discoveries says that missionaries, not conquistadors, withstand to pacify the land. Franciscan friars set up missions in Nuevo Mxico ( advanced Mexico) and feeler Native Americans. Native Americans do coerce labor. 1680 Pop leads revolt, kills 400 Spaniards and forces remaining 1500 to flee to El Paso, and destroys Spanish missions (Pueblo Revolt of 1680). Spaniards return, Native Americans make a deal that lets them practice their own re ligion and end forced labor, but they have to help the Spaniards. Outcome Spanish fail to convert Native Americans, Santa Fe left field vulnerable. In Florida, raids by English leave St. Augustine vulnerable.French in North America1608 First long-lasting settlement, Quebec, is founded1662 King Louis XIV turns novel France into a royal colony, tries to get people to sack there. Cannot get overflowing people. New France becomes an area for trading furs. Rise of the Iroquois French introduce diseases that kill many Indians. Indians get guns from fur trade, which leads to fight. The Five Iroquois Nations come out on top, have control of the fur trade in Quebec (with the French) and New capital of The Netherlands (with the Dutch). French Jesuits try to win Indian converts. They do not exploit the Indians, and they come to image their culture. They eventually win converts by adapting Christianity to the needs of the Indians. Outcome Despite efforts of the Jesuits, French fur trade causes desolation through disease and spillage of Indian culture. Iroquois warriors kill many, though they too are harmed French burned-out their villages and killed many warriors in 1666 and again in 1690.Dutch in North AmericaDutch set up a fur-trading post ( fortress Orange) along the Hudson River. West India Company has monopoly on the fur. Later, Dutch founded New Amsterdam and made it the capital of New Netherland. Colony didnt thrive small population made it vulnerable. Fort Orange succeeds as a peaceful and successful fur-trading post. Dutch near New Amsterdam are more aggressive towards Indians. 1640 war. After the war, West India Company ignores New Netherland, focuses on slave trade. 1664 Dutch dismount under control of the English under the Duke of York 1673 Dutch assault momentarily recaptures the colonyEdmund Andros takes control, in vengeance imposes English law and demands allegiance. Outcome Dutch, who had once been dominant, are now a subject people.Chapter 6 qualification demesne of war and Republican Governments (1776-1789)Patriots demand that colonists join Loyalist or Patriot case cannot stay neutral. Patriots have advantage to get concurers b/c they control local anesthetic governments. Patriots make army, and Patriots encouraged people to support the army by taking a more active role in govt. Character of administration changes when common people exert influence democratic army launches age of republican revolution.Americans forced to retreat, Britain pushed book binding Americans into PA. When wintertime comes, Britain halts their campaign and Patriots catch them off guard, winning small victories.Armies and StrategiesHowe doesnt want to destroy Americans, nevertheless wants them to surrender and compromise. Howe cannot win decisive victory, Washington avoids defeat. Washingtons handicaps Fights only defensively, has unfit recruits, Radical Whig Patriots debate army is threat to liberty.American Victory at SaratogaBrit ains goal isolate New EnglandNorths colonial secretary Germains proposal attack Albany from 3 sides. Burgoyne, St. Leger, and Howe go away attack. Howes different jut attack Philadelphia (home of Continental coition), end rebellion w/ single victory. Howe uses his plan slowly. Continental Congress flees to PAs interior. Howes slow attack directly leads to defeat of Burgoynes army. Burgoynes actions fights, then pedestals. Americans led by General provide slows Burgoynes progress. Burgoynes army stuck in Saratoga, NY. Beaten back while trying to raid VT. Has troops w/drawn to help Howe. Meanwhile, Gates forces grow. October 1777 Burgoyne forced to surrender. Turning point of the war.Social and Financial PerilsBritish naval blockade causes disruption in New England fishing industry, and British occupation causes decrease in domestic trade and manufacturing. People move out, decrease in population. Chesapeake colonies blockade cuts tobacco exports. Short supply of goods = army st arts getting supplies from the people. Women and Household productionWomen1 Increase output of homespuns2 Participate in farmworkDespite this, goods remain scarce and determines rise. War also progress tod deprivation, dis rest homement, and death. War divides communities b/c of Patriots violence.Financial CrisisState govts are weak, dont create raw taxes. Creation of fiat money, Continental Congress and colonies economies crumble.Valley ForgeStarvation and sickness for Americans during the winter in Valley Forge, but Baron von Steuben raises morale. Continental army becomes tougher and better disciplined.The Path to Victory, 1778-17831778 Continental Congress allies w/ France. Alliance gives Continental Congress money, supplies, and later troops. Also confronts Britain w/ inter interior(a) war that challenges domination of Atlantic.The French AllianceAlliance starts w/ secret loan to colonies to avenge Frances loss of Canada to Britain. Later turns into a formal alliance.Negoti ating the agreementAmerican diplomats ensure treaty specifies that French support cannot end until the United States is independent. Alliance revives colonies and Continental Congress.The British ResponseWar is becoming un frequent in Britain. several(prenominal) British support Americans and campaign for domestic reforms. George III initially committed to crushing rebellion, but aft(prenominal) British defeat at Saratoga changes his mind. Tries to prevent American and French alliance (Parliament repeals Tea Act, preventative acts, and renounces right to tax colonies).War in the SouthFrench and Spanish (who joined the war against Britain in 1779) agendas cause British to shift focus of the war to the South.Britains Southern StrategyBritish plan1 Focus on winning tobacco and rice colonies (VA, Carolinas, GA) then rely on local Loyalists to hold them 2 Exploit racial divisions between slaves and Patriot owners get slaves to flee At first, British are winning. But tide turns. Dutc h join fight against British. France dispatches troops to AmericaPartisan state of war in the CarolinasGeneral Green fights in Carolinas. Fighting goes back and forth. Britain is weakened by this war of attrition, and British decide to give up Carolinas to Greene and focus on VA instead.Benedict Arnold and Conflicting LoyaltiesBenedict Arnold switched from American side to British side. Fights for George III in VA.Britain DefeatedWashington and the French fleet surround Cornwallis and his troops on land. Cornwallis is outnumbered, cannot escape by sea. October 1781 Cornwallis surrenders in YorktownThe Patriot AdvantageWhy the Americans won the war1 Some British mistakes2 Widespread Patriots in America3 Many Americans support war through taxes and joining the militia4 Patriots led by experienced politicians5 George WashingtonAmericans react to support British army, refuse to accept occupation by Loyalist forces, and endure the inflation caused by the war.Diplomatic TriumphPeace tal ks begin in 1782, but French and Spanish stall b/c they still hope for major naval victory or territorial conquest. Ignoring agreement of Alliance, Americans sign a separate peace w/ the British. September 1783 Treaty of Paris. Great Britain recognizes independence of the colonies.Britain gets1 Canada 2 Rights for merchants to pursue legal claims for prewar debts 3 Americans will encourage state legislatures to return confiscated position to Loyalists and grant them citizenship America gets1 Great Lakes and land east of the Mississippi River2 Fishing rights3 Freedom of navigation on the Mississippi4 British cannot seize property like slaves1783 Treaty of Versailles Britain makes peace w/ France and SpainChapter 10 Creating Republican Institutions, 1776 1787The State Constitutions How Much Democracy?Many states had written state constitutions when the Continental Congress urged them to in 1776.The Rise of Popular Politics, 1820-1829Expansion of the franchise = most democratic im age of the Democratic Revolution. Gives ordinary men more power than anywhere else in the world.The Decline of the Notables and the Rise of PartiesAmerican Revolution weakened the deferential society, but didnt overthrow it. Wealthy notables still dominated the policy-making system at first. 1810 Struggle to expand suffrage began. State legislatures grant broader voting rights to diffuse chiding and deter migration to the west. The new voters refused to support politicians that flaunted their high social status. Democratic politics is corrupt.Martin Van Buren1 Created policy-making machine, the Albany Regency. 2 Patronage gives government jobs to party members in return for their loyalty. (Spoils system) 3 Insists on party discipline, requires elected officials to follow dictates of the party caucus.The Election of 1824Five candidates, all Republicans, campaigned for giving medication. Jackson received most popular votes, but Adams won because Clay made a corrupt bargain with A dams, where Clay would vote Adams into presidency if he would become secretary of state.Presidency of John Quincy Adams the last notable presidentSupports American dodge (protective tariffs, home(a) camber, subsidized internal improvements) Resistance to the American System southerners oppose protective tariffs because they raised the price of manufactures, and smallholders feared powerful banks that could force them into bankruptcy. Politicians oppose American System on constitutional grounds (for example, saying that the national governments income couldnt fund state improvement projects because those projects were the responsibility of the states). Southerners were also angry astir(predicate) the Tariff of 1828, which raised duties on raw materials and textiles. Southerners also dislike Adamss pro-Indian policy.Jacksonian Impact1 Expanded potential authority of President by identifying it with the voice of the people. 2 Upheld national authority by threatening use of military force, laying foundation for Lincolns later defense of the Union. 3 Reinvigorated Jeffersonian tradition of limited central government by undermining American System of national banking, protective tariffs, and internal improvements. 4 Undermined constitutional jurisprudence of Marshall by appointing Taney as Marshalls successor. Taney partially reversed nationalist and property-rights decisions of Marshall. Example In the case Charles River Bridge Co. v. Warren Bridge Co. (1837), Taney says that a charter doesnt necessarily bestow a monopoly, and a legislature could charter competition (in this case, a competing bridge co.) to help the public.This decision directly challenges what Marshall said in the Dartmouth College v. Woodward case, where Marshall stresses the binding temperament of a contract by saying that a state cannot invalidate a contract. Other cases that place limits on Marshalls nationalistic interpretations by enhancing role of state governments Mayor of New York v. Miln (1837) New York state can use police power to inspect health of immigrants. Briscoe v. Bank of Kentucky (1837) When it issues currency, a bank owned by the Kentucky doesnt violate the provision of the Constitution that prohibits states from issuing bills of credit. As a gist of the Taney Courts decisions, the role of state governments in commerce was greatly enhanced. 5 States write new constitutions that extend democracy, many of which introduce classical liberalism (laissez-faire). Laissez-faire says the government role in the economy should be limited.