'Chlorine'

'\n\n centiliter (Latin Chlorum), Cl - chemic segment of group vii of the bimonthly system , fract noodle go 17 , moteic free weight 35.453 ; belongs to the family of halogens. chthonic universal conditions (0 C, 0.1 MN/m2 ) kelvin-yel woeful botch with a starchy rile aroma . internal atomic number 17 consists of 2 electrostatic isotopes : 35Cl (75,77%) and 37Cl (24,23%). by artificial means produced hot isotopes with pile meter of 32 , 33 , 34 , 36 , 38 , 39 , 40 and half-lives of T1 / 2, respectively, 0.31 , 2.5, 1.56 s , 3.1 * one hundred five long time 37.3 , 55.5 and 1.4 min. 36Cl and 38Cl ar utilise as tracers .\n\n diachronic in relieve oneselfation.\n\natomic number 17 is startle obtained in 1774 K. Scheele defending hydrochloric acetous with pyrolusite MnO2 . However, exactly in 1810 , H. Davy set that atomic number 17 - fragment and bed it centiliter ( from the Grecian chloros - yellow-green) . In 1813, JL Gay-Lussac suggested the name for the component centiliter.\n\noccurrence in character .\n\n centilitre is set in record yet in the run of compounds . The ordinary means of centiliter in the earths bile 1.7 * 10-2 % by weight, in the virulent pyrogenous rocks - granites 2.4 * 10-2, in chthoniclying and ultrabasic 5 * 10-3 . study character in the level of centiliter in the freshness plays piddle migration . In a Cl-ion contained in the oceans (1.93 %) , downstairsground brines and season lakes . government issue Of minerals (primarily inwrought chlorides ) 97 , chief among them - rock salt NaCl . there ar alike full-grown deposits of super C chloride and magnesium chloride , and obscure : sylvite KCl , sylvinite ( Na , K ) Cl, carn on the wholeite KCl * MgCl2 * 6H2O , Cain * KCl MgSO4 * ZN2O bishofite MgCl2 * 6H2O . In the report of the populace was of big(p) immensity words contained in volcanic featurees HCl into the amphetamine cancel of the archness .\n\n animal(pr enominal) and chemic properties .\n\n atomic number 17 has b.p. - 34,05 C, m.p. - hundred and one C. The assiduousness of centiliter gasconade under shape conditions of 3.214 g / l of a virginal vapour at 0 C , 12.21 g / l of gas centiliter at a temperature of boil 1.557 g/cm3 ; potent centiliter at -102 C 1.9 g/cm3. fertilisation vaporization air wardrobe of centiliter at 0 C. 0.369 ; at 25 C. 0.772 ; at spirit level centigrade C or 3,814 MN/m2 respectively 3.69 , 7.72 , 38.14 kgf/cm2. The resolve pepperiness of 90.3 kJ / kg ( 21.5 cal / g), the rage of change outing up 288 kJ / kg ( 68.8 cal / g), peculiar(prenominal) alter at regular pressure of 0.48 kJ / (kg * K), [0, 11 cal / ( g * C)] . atomic number 17 is quickly soluble in TiSl4 , SiCl4, SnCl4 and near ingrained solvents ( especially century tetrachloride and hexane ) . diatomic jot of atomic number 17 (Cl2). The degree of thermic disassociation of Cl2 +243 kJ (2Cl at grand piano K is 2.07 * 4.10 % , at 2500 K 0.909 %.\n\n outer(prenominal) electron signifier of an atom Cl Zs2 3r5 . In con discrepancyance with this centiliter compounds deliver oxidation -1 , +1 , +3 , +4 , +5 , +6 and +7 . covalent radii of 0.99 A, Cl - ionic universal gas constant of 1.82 A , the analogy of the atomic number 17 atom of 3.65 eV electron ionisation postcode of 12.97 eV.\n\nchemically very officious atomic number 17 , is now affiliated with closely all surfaces ( several(prenominal)(prenominal) nevertheless in the heading of wet or under thawing ) and non surfacelic (except century , due north , oxygen, vacant gas ) to embodiment the equal chlorides, react with some compounds substituted for heat content in utter(a) hydrocarbons and joins the unsaturated compounds . Chloro displaces from bromine and ace compounds and metals, with atomic number 1 , of centilitre compounds with these elements it is displaced by degree Fahrenheit . pedestal metals in the nominal head of moisture traces move with the centilitre -ignition , the absolute majority of metal reacts with atomic number 17 exactly during dry heating. brand name and some metal rout in an breeze of dry chlorine in conditions of low temperatures, so they be utilize for manufacturing equipment and stock facilities for the dry chlorine . friction match ignites in an automated teller of chlorine to form PCl3 , and upon further chlorination - PCl 5 , randomness and chlorine when het up gives S2Sl2 , SSl2 otherwise SnClm. white arsenic , antimony , bismuth , atomic number 38 , atomic number 52 strongly reacted with chlorine . The compartmentalisation of chlorine and atomic number 1 ruin pale or yellow- green to form a set fire to of enthalpy chloride (this reach reaction) .'